OPP-Cypress - Revision history

Benetnath: /* Open Pinball Project */

2020-05-14T10:43:52Z

Open Pinball Project

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:43, 14 May 2020
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	This page should be considered as an archive.		This page should be considered as an archive.
	Please refer now to the dedicated page on [[OPP\|OpenPinballProject]]'''.		Please refer now to the dedicated page on [[OPP\|OpenPinballProject]]'''.
	More details on this change are available in the [https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/mpf-users/~~MCgyK--Hfpk%5B1-25%5D~~ MPF Users forum].		More details on this change are available in the [https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/mpf-users/QVQsO6JjID8 MPF Users forum].

	== Hardware ==		== Hardware ==

Benetnath: /* Open Pinball Project */

2020-05-14T08:39:46Z

Open Pinball Project

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:39, 14 May 2020
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	This page should be considered as an archive.		This page should be considered as an archive.
	Please refer now to the [[OPP ~~page~~]]'''.		Please refer now to the dedicated page on [[OPP\|OpenPinballProject]]'''.
	More details on this change are available in the [https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/mpf-users/MCgyK--Hfpk%5B1-25%5D MPF Users forum].		More details on this change are available in the [https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/mpf-users/MCgyK--Hfpk%5B1-25%5D MPF Users forum].

Benetnath at 08:36, 14 May 2020

2020-05-14T08:36:42Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:36, 14 May 2020
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	The [https://openpinballproject.wordpress.com/ Open Pinball Project (OPP)] was started in 2012 as a resource for pinball makers to have an inexpensive, fully open sourced project for controlling custom pinball machines. It is currently on a second generation design and has had a successful Kickstarter run of boards and components currently in the hands of makers all over the world.		The [https://openpinballproject.wordpress.com/ Open Pinball Project (OPP)] was started in 2012 as a resource for pinball makers to have an inexpensive, fully open sourced project for controlling custom pinball machines. It is currently on a second generation design and has had a successful Kickstarter run of boards and components currently in the hands of makers all over the world.

			'''In 1Q 2020, it was decided to switch to a new layout, due to the unavailability of processor boards.

			This page should be considered as an archive.
			Please refer now to the [[OPP page]]'''.
			More details on this change are available in the [https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/mpf-users/MCgyK--Hfpk%5B1-25%5D MPF Users forum].

	== Hardware ==		== Hardware ==

Benetnath: OPP project archive - Due to the switch of processor

2020-05-14T08:30:24Z

OPP project archive - Due to the switch of processor

Show changes

Benetnath at 08:29, 14 May 2020

2020-05-14T08:29:33Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:29, 14 May 2020
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	~~== Before You Start ==~~

	~~Prior to ordering and assembling the '''OPP''' boards, a number of tools and materials will need to be on hand, and a number of decisions will be made based on the pinball machine being built~~

	~~==== Tools and Materials Required ====~~

	~~To build and wire the '''OPP''' boards, you will need:~~

	* '''Wire:''' Look on eBay for stranded wire in the 22-24AWG size.
	* '''Side Cutters'''
	* '''Pliers'''
	* '''Soldering Iron:''' The [https://www.amazon.com/Hakko-FX888D-23BY-Digital-Soldering-FX-888D/dp/B00ANZRT4M/ref=sr_1_6?ie=UTF8&qid=1471620603&sr=8-6&keywords=soldering+station Hakko FX888D] is a popular, inexpensive brand. A lower-priced option is this iron from [http://www.dx.com/p/yf-951-thermostat-soldering-iron-110v-135519 DX].
	* '''Solder:''' [https://www.amazon.com/Kester-Rosin-Core-Solder-Spool/dp/B00068IJWC Kester 44] is an excellent 63/37 solder. [http://www.dx.com/p/0-81mm-tin-solder-soldering-welding-iron-wire-silvery-grey-109m-193930 DX] also has a less expensive option.
	* '''Crimping Tool:''' [http://www.marcospecialties.com/pinball-parts/77-CTW Marco Specialities] offers an inexpensive tool. Another option is the '''SN-28B''' ratcheting crimp tool - it can be purchased for less than $15 on eBay.
	* '''Pin Extractor:''' [http://www.digikey.com/short/3hvfr2 Digikey] has the Molex-branded tool for extracting the Mini-Fit Jr. style of square connectors used on the ''Solenoid'' wings.

	~~==== Determine Board Layout ====~~

	~~Prior to purchasing the '''OPP''' boards and components, you need to know how many '''solenoids, lamps''' and '''switches''' you need to support, where to put them, and how they will be mounted.~~

	For example, a custom game might require 31 inputs, 10 solenoids (with 10 direct inputs), and 43 incandescent bulbs. This could be accomplished with four ''Processor'' boards and four ''Interface'' wings, three ''Solenoid'' wings, six ''Incandescent'' wings and five ''Switch'' wings. Technically this is more boards and wings than are strictly required, as the ''Processor'' boards could handle a denser wing configuration, but this layout cuts down on the total wiring required by placing ''Processors'' close to the devices they are controlling, saving significant time and materials.

	Alternatively, consider a ''Williams Jokerz'' machine. It has 19 solenoids (including direct inputs), 39 switches and 63 incandescent bulbs (which includes 9 flashers). A possible layout for that is five ''Processor'' boards with five ''Interface'' wings, four ''Solenoid'' wings, eight ''Incandescent'' wings and five ''Switch'' wings.

	You can place ''Processors'' near what is being controlled, or put them all together in the head of the machine like a traditional commercial pinball - it is entirely up to the maker as to where to place ''Processors'', but placement ''will'' determine the final number of ''Processors'' and wings required.

	~~Once the total number of ''Processor'' and ''Wing'' boards has been determined, and their approximate location in the final machine, parts can be ordered.~~

	~~==== Power Supply Needs ====~~

	When running solenoids and lamps, you'll need three voltages: '''5V 3A''' for logic, '''6.3V 10A''' for lamps and '''24V to 48V 10A''' for solenoids (depending on what coils you use). See the [[Construction#Power_Supplies\|Power Supply]] section for details of what is available.

	An inexpensive option is to use a PC power supply, which provides high current '''5V''' for logic and '''12V''' for lamps. A high power DC-DC step down ''Buck Converter'' can be used to convert '''12V''' to '''6.3V''' for incandescents.

	~~You can use a separate '''24V to 48V 10A''' switcher for solenoids if you also use the '''Power Filter Board'''.~~

	== Open Pinball Project ==		== Open Pinball Project ==

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	If the ability to enable/disable the high power voltage isn't needed, a jumper can be added instead of the P-channel MOSFETs.		If the ability to enable/disable the high power voltage isn't needed, a jumper can be added instead of the P-channel MOSFETs.

			== Before You Start ==

			Prior to ordering and assembling the '''OPP''' boards, a number of tools and materials will need to be on hand, and a number of decisions will be made based on the pinball machine being built

			==== Tools and Materials Required ====

			To build and wire the '''OPP''' boards, you will need:

			* '''Wire:''' Look on eBay for stranded wire in the 22-24AWG size.
			* '''Side Cutters'''
			* '''Pliers'''
			* '''Soldering Iron:''' The [https://www.amazon.com/Hakko-FX888D-23BY-Digital-Soldering-FX-888D/dp/B00ANZRT4M/ref=sr_1_6?ie=UTF8&qid=1471620603&sr=8-6&keywords=soldering+station Hakko FX888D] is a popular, inexpensive brand. A lower-priced option is this iron from [http://www.dx.com/p/yf-951-thermostat-soldering-iron-110v-135519 DX].
			* '''Solder:''' [https://www.amazon.com/Kester-Rosin-Core-Solder-Spool/dp/B00068IJWC Kester 44] is an excellent 63/37 solder. [http://www.dx.com/p/0-81mm-tin-solder-soldering-welding-iron-wire-silvery-grey-109m-193930 DX] also has a less expensive option.
			* '''Crimping Tool:''' [http://www.marcospecialties.com/pinball-parts/77-CTW Marco Specialities] offers an inexpensive tool. Another option is the '''SN-28B''' ratcheting crimp tool - it can be purchased for less than $15 on eBay.
			* '''Pin Extractor:''' [http://www.digikey.com/short/3hvfr2 Digikey] has the Molex-branded tool for extracting the Mini-Fit Jr. style of square connectors used on the ''Solenoid'' wings.

			==== Determine Board Layout ====

			Prior to purchasing the '''OPP''' boards and components, you need to know how many '''solenoids, lamps''' and '''switches''' you need to support, where to put them, and how they will be mounted.

			For example, a custom game might require 31 inputs, 10 solenoids (with 10 direct inputs), and 43 incandescent bulbs. This could be accomplished with four ''Processor'' boards and four ''Interface'' wings, three ''Solenoid'' wings, six ''Incandescent'' wings and five ''Switch'' wings. Technically this is more boards and wings than are strictly required, as the ''Processor'' boards could handle a denser wing configuration, but this layout cuts down on the total wiring required by placing ''Processors'' close to the devices they are controlling, saving significant time and materials.

			Alternatively, consider a ''Williams Jokerz'' machine. It has 19 solenoids (including direct inputs), 39 switches and 63 incandescent bulbs (which includes 9 flashers). A possible layout for that is five ''Processor'' boards with five ''Interface'' wings, four ''Solenoid'' wings, eight ''Incandescent'' wings and five ''Switch'' wings.

			You can place ''Processors'' near what is being controlled, or put them all together in the head of the machine like a traditional commercial pinball - it is entirely up to the maker as to where to place ''Processors'', but placement ''will'' determine the final number of ''Processors'' and wings required.

			Once the total number of ''Processor'' and ''Wing'' boards has been determined, and their approximate location in the final machine, parts can be ordered.

			==== Power Supply Needs ====

			When running solenoids and lamps, you'll need three voltages: '''5V 3A''' for logic, '''6.3V 10A''' for lamps and '''24V to 48V 10A''' for solenoids (depending on what coils you use). See the [[Construction#Power_Supplies\|Power Supply]] section for details of what is available.

			An inexpensive option is to use a PC power supply, which provides high current '''5V''' for logic and '''12V''' for lamps. A high power DC-DC step down ''Buck Converter'' can be used to convert '''12V''' to '''6.3V''' for incandescents.

			You can use a separate '''24V to 48V 10A''' switcher for solenoids if you also use the '''Power Filter Board'''.

Benetnath: /* Before You Start */

2020-05-14T08:27:09Z

Before You Start

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:27, 14 May 2020
Line 1:		Line 1:
			== Before You Start ==

			Prior to ordering and assembling the '''OPP''' boards, a number of tools and materials will need to be on hand, and a number of decisions will be made based on the pinball machine being built

			==== Tools and Materials Required ====

			To build and wire the '''OPP''' boards, you will need:

			* '''Wire:''' Look on eBay for stranded wire in the 22-24AWG size.
			* '''Side Cutters'''
			* '''Pliers'''
			* '''Soldering Iron:''' The [https://www.amazon.com/Hakko-FX888D-23BY-Digital-Soldering-FX-888D/dp/B00ANZRT4M/ref=sr_1_6?ie=UTF8&qid=1471620603&sr=8-6&keywords=soldering+station Hakko FX888D] is a popular, inexpensive brand. A lower-priced option is this iron from [http://www.dx.com/p/yf-951-thermostat-soldering-iron-110v-135519 DX].
			* '''Solder:''' [https://www.amazon.com/Kester-Rosin-Core-Solder-Spool/dp/B00068IJWC Kester 44] is an excellent 63/37 solder. [http://www.dx.com/p/0-81mm-tin-solder-soldering-welding-iron-wire-silvery-grey-109m-193930 DX] also has a less expensive option.
			* '''Crimping Tool:''' [http://www.marcospecialties.com/pinball-parts/77-CTW Marco Specialities] offers an inexpensive tool. Another option is the '''SN-28B''' ratcheting crimp tool - it can be purchased for less than $15 on eBay.
			* '''Pin Extractor:''' [http://www.digikey.com/short/3hvfr2 Digikey] has the Molex-branded tool for extracting the Mini-Fit Jr. style of square connectors used on the ''Solenoid'' wings.

			==== Determine Board Layout ====

			Prior to purchasing the '''OPP''' boards and components, you need to know how many '''solenoids, lamps''' and '''switches''' you need to support, where to put them, and how they will be mounted.

			For example, a custom game might require 31 inputs, 10 solenoids (with 10 direct inputs), and 43 incandescent bulbs. This could be accomplished with four ''Processor'' boards and four ''Interface'' wings, three ''Solenoid'' wings, six ''Incandescent'' wings and five ''Switch'' wings. Technically this is more boards and wings than are strictly required, as the ''Processor'' boards could handle a denser wing configuration, but this layout cuts down on the total wiring required by placing ''Processors'' close to the devices they are controlling, saving significant time and materials.

			Alternatively, consider a ''Williams Jokerz'' machine. It has 19 solenoids (including direct inputs), 39 switches and 63 incandescent bulbs (which includes 9 flashers). A possible layout for that is five ''Processor'' boards with five ''Interface'' wings, four ''Solenoid'' wings, eight ''Incandescent'' wings and five ''Switch'' wings.

			You can place ''Processors'' near what is being controlled, or put them all together in the head of the machine like a traditional commercial pinball - it is entirely up to the maker as to where to place ''Processors'', but placement ''will'' determine the final number of ''Processors'' and wings required.

			Once the total number of ''Processor'' and ''Wing'' boards has been determined, and their approximate location in the final machine, parts can be ordered.

			==== Power Supply Needs ====

			When running solenoids and lamps, you'll need three voltages: '''5V 3A''' for logic, '''6.3V 10A''' for lamps and '''24V to 48V 10A''' for solenoids (depending on what coils you use). See the [[Construction#Power_Supplies\|Power Supply]] section for details of what is available.

			An inexpensive option is to use a PC power supply, which provides high current '''5V''' for logic and '''12V''' for lamps. A high power DC-DC step down ''Buck Converter'' can be used to convert '''12V''' to '''6.3V''' for incandescents.

			You can use a separate '''24V to 48V 10A''' switcher for solenoids if you also use the '''Power Filter Board'''.

	== Open Pinball Project ==		== Open Pinball Project ==

Benetnath at 08:23, 14 May 2020

2020-05-14T08:23:54Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:23, 14 May 2020
Line 2:		Line 2:

	The [https://openpinballproject.wordpress.com/ Open Pinball Project (OPP)] was started in 2012 as a resource for pinball makers to have an inexpensive, fully open sourced project for controlling custom pinball machines. It is currently on a second generation design and has had a successful Kickstarter run of boards and components currently in the hands of makers all over the world.		The [https://openpinballproject.wordpress.com/ Open Pinball Project (OPP)] was started in 2012 as a resource for pinball makers to have an inexpensive, fully open sourced project for controlling custom pinball machines. It is currently on a second generation design and has had a successful Kickstarter run of boards and components currently in the hands of makers all over the world.

	~~== Hardware ==~~

	== Hardware ==		== Hardware ==

Benetnath: /* Hardware */ new section

2020-05-14T08:18:35Z

Hardware: new section

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:18, 14 May 2020
Line 2:		Line 2:

	The [https://openpinballproject.wordpress.com/ Open Pinball Project (OPP)] was started in 2012 as a resource for pinball makers to have an inexpensive, fully open sourced project for controlling custom pinball machines. It is currently on a second generation design and has had a successful Kickstarter run of boards and components currently in the hands of makers all over the world.		The [https://openpinballproject.wordpress.com/ Open Pinball Project (OPP)] was started in 2012 as a resource for pinball makers to have an inexpensive, fully open sourced project for controlling custom pinball machines. It is currently on a second generation design and has had a successful Kickstarter run of boards and components currently in the hands of makers all over the world.

			== Hardware ==

			== Hardware ==

			The '''OPP''' hardware is made up of three main components:

			* The '''Processor''' board is a [http://www.cypress.com/documentation/development-kitsboards/psoc-4-cy8ckit-049-4xxx-prototyping-kits Cypress Semiconductor CY8CKIT-049-42XX PSoC] prototyping board that can be purchased from [http://www.mouser.com/ProductDetail/Cypress-Semiconductor/CY8CKIT-049-42XX/ Mouser] or [http://www.digikey.com/product-detail/en/cypress-semiconductor-corp/CY8CKIT-049-42XX/428-3344-ND/4805328 Digikey].
			* The '''Interface''' board allows communications between '''Processor''' boards via a custom serial communications protocol.
			* The '''Wing''' boards allow the control of solenoids, lamps, LEDs or input from switches.


			Additionally, there is a '''Power Filter Board''' to allow the use of inexpensive switching power supplies.

			The following is an example of some fully assembled and wired OPP ''Processors'' with ''Wing'' boards.

			[[Image:fully-assembled-opp.jpg]]

			=== Processor Boards ===

			The ''Processor'' board can have up to four ''Wing'' boards controlling solenoids, incandescent lamps, or allowing input for switches. The ''Wing'' boards themselves can be combined in any configuration, so a single ''Processor'' board can support up to 16 solenoids (with 16 direct switch inputs), 32 switch inputs or 32 lamps. Each ''Wing'' board uses eight pins while the ''Interface'' board uses four.

			All other pins are unused, except on the first board in the chain where the USB plug from the host controller is connected to the ''Interface'' board to provide power and serial connections for the other ''Processors'' in the chain.

			[[Image:opp-processor.png]]

			The ''Processor'' itself does not run game rules or other game logic - a ''Controller'' like [https://missionpinball.com/ Mission Pinball] running on a separate PC is still required to handle scoring and other game logic and to fire coils and light lamps as needed. The ''Processor'' simply provides the physical connection to playfield devices. (Coils can automatically be fired using the direct switch input for the coil to allow a "white wood" mode that does not require a controller).

			==== Serial Chain ====

			When needing to control more devices or have more switches than a single ''Processor'' board can handle, you can chain multiple ''Processors'' together via a '''Serial Chain''' using a series of 8-pin ribbon cables connected to '''IN''' and '''OUT''' connectors on the ''Interface'' wing.

			The ribbon cable serial link between boards works in a similar fashion to a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Token_ring Token Ring] network, where each ''Processor'' receives messages via the serial line, looks for commands addressed to its ID, removes that command from the message and then passes the remaining message to the next ''Processor'' in the chain. The ''Processor'' then performs the requested action such as firing a solenoid or turning on a lamp. Switch events are passed back to the primary board and up to the host controller.

			The following image gives a visual idea of how messages flow between the ''Processors'':

			[[Image:token-ring.gif]]

			Like in the above image, each ''Processor'' assigns itself an ID on power-up (starting with '''0x20''' and increasing with each additional ''Processor'') based on its '''physical position''' in the serial chain. IDs are not saved between power cycles.

			Note that inserting a new card in the middle of a chain will ''change the ID of every board after it''. This will effect any hard-coded ID numbering in controllers like MPF, for example, but should not pose a big problem once the game is complete and no additional boards are added.

			=== Interface Wing ===

			The ''Interface'' wing has no transistors or other electronic parts on it other than connectors. Its purpose is to distribute low voltage power (primarily '''5V''') and serial signals between each ''Processor'' board.

			'''Note:''' The '''12V''' connection is only necessary if using surface mount incandescent wing boards configured as high side switches. Normally the '''12V''' connector can be left unpopulated.

			[[Image:interface-wing.png]]

			=== Solenoid Wing ===

			The ''Solenoid'' wing uses [http://www.digikey.com/product-search/en?keywords=FQP13N06L FQP13N06L MOSFETs] to control up to four individual coils via a ''ground sink'' method, where the coils themselves are wired to the positive side of the high voltage power supply and the MOSFET provides a ground path when activated, firing the coil.

			Standard coil voltages are '''24V''' to '''48V''' and upwards of '''10A''' of current.

			[[Image:solenoid-wing.png]]

			There are two connectors on the ''Solenoid'' wing - the larger 6-pin has four pins for the coil connections and two for ground. The 4-pin connector is for ''direct control'' switch inputs to control special solenoids.

			==== Special Solenoids ====

			For devices like flippers, slingshots or pop bumpers that require fast response to switch hits in order to fire coils, the ''Solenoid'' wing has four '''Direct Inputs''' that are used to directly activate the associated coil without the computer needing to detect a switch closure and send a solenoid activation command. These are known as ''Autofire'' coils.

			As of this writing, '''OPP''' only supports ''Autofire'' coils using the direct inputs or switch inputs on the '''same controller as the solenoid itself'''. This means you can't have an ''Autofire'' switch on another controller.

			Another advantage to using the direct switches is that it allows the game to be tested without a host controller, since pop bumpers, slingshots and flippers will work at power-on.

			The 4-pin connector for the direct switches can cause some packaging issues with the solenoid connector, so it is recommended to leave it out when building the boards if there is no need for ''Autofire'' coils.

			=== Incandescent Wing ===

			The ''Incandescent'' wing uses [http://www.digikey.com/product-detail/en/fairchild-semiconductor/2N7000/2N7000FS-ND/244278 2N7000 MOSFETs] to control up to eight direct wired incandescent lamps via the same ''ground sink'' method as the coils.

			Lamps require a high current '''6.3V''' power supply as each bulb needs about '''.25A''' at full brightness.

			[[Image:incandescent-wing.png]]

			''Direct wired'' means that each lamp is wired up and controlled individually via the 8-pin connector, rather than in the ''Matrix'' style that most commercial pinball machines used until recently.

			The other 2-pin connector is for the '''Ground''' connection.

			=== Switch Wing ===

			Switches are wired directly to the ''Processor'' board via an 8-pin 2.54mm locking header.

			[[Image:switch-example.jpg]]

			Unlike the ''Solenoid'' and ''Incandescent'' wings, the ''Switch'' wing is set up as ''High-side'', where the switch pins are at '''5V''' and playfield and cabinet switches are tied to '''Ground''', so that when a switch is activated, the pins are grounded and the switch is considered 'closed'. It is set up this way since the ''Processor'' pins have a '''Pull-Up''' resistor on them that is tied to 5V.

			The switches provide a ground path for the normally-high inputs.

			=== Power Filter Board ===

			[[image:Poppwrfilt1.jpg\|Power Filter Board]]

			When firing solenoids, there is a large instantaneous draw of current from the power supply. A standard switching power supply may detect this as a short, and turn off. To prevent this from occurring, a large amount of bulk capacitance can be added, so the instantaneous current can be drawn from the bulk capacitors. Also, when initially charging the bulk capacitors, a large amount of current is drawn. A high power negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistor is used to reduce the initial current draw to charge the capacitors. This is the basis of the design for the ''Power Filter Board''.

			[[Image:power-filter-pinout.png]]

			The board contains the following additional features:

			* An LED to indicate when the capacitors are charged
			* Ability to turn on/off the power by grounding a pin
			* Output pin that can be used as an input to a processor for detecting if high voltage is enabled
			* Board can be configured for one or two different high voltages through board population


			The power filter board can be configured to provide bulk capacitance for one or two power supplies. If two power supplies are needed, a second P-Channel MOSFET and inrush current limiter must be bought.

			If the ability to enable/disable the high power voltage isn't needed, a jumper can be added instead of the P-channel MOSFETs.

Benetnath: OPP project archive - Due to the switch of processor

2020-05-14T08:15:29Z

OPP project archive - Due to the switch of processor

New page

== Open Pinball Project ==

The [https://openpinballproject.wordpress.com/ Open Pinball Project (OPP)] was started in 2012 as a resource for pinball makers to have an inexpensive, fully open sourced project for controlling custom pinball machines. It is currently on a second generation design and has had a successful Kickstarter run of boards and components currently in the hands of makers all over the world.